Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev kho cua sov ntawm cov hlau workpieces

Txhawm rau muab cov hlau ua haujlwm nrog cov khoom siv kho tshuab, lub cev, thiab tshuaj lom neeg, ntxiv rau kev xaiv cov khoom siv thiab ntau yam txheej txheem, kev kho cua sov feem ntau yog qhov tseem ceeb. Hlau yog cov khoom siv dav tshaj plaws hauv kev lag luam tshuab, nrog rau cov txheej txheem microstructure uas tuaj yeem tswj tau los ntawm kev kho cua sov. Yog li ntawd, kev kho cua sov ntawm cov hlau yog cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm kev kho cua sov hlau.

Tsis tas li ntawd, txhuas, tooj liab, magnesium, titanium thiab lawv cov alloys kuj tuaj yeem hloov lawv cov khoom siv kho tshuab, lub cev thiab tshuaj lom neeg los ntawm kev kho cua sov kom tau txais cov yam ntxwv sib txawv.

Kev kho cua sov feem ntau tsis hloov cov duab thiab tag nrho cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm lub workpiece, tab sis theej imparts los yog txhim kho nws cov kev ua tau zoo los ntawm kev hloov cov microstructure nyob rau hauv lub workpiece los yog hloov cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm lub workpiece. Nws cov yam ntxwv yog los txhim kho qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom ua haujlwm, uas feem ntau tsis pom ntawm qhov muag liab qab.

Kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev kho cua sov yog txhawm rau txhim kho cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntawm cov khoom siv, tshem tawm cov kev ntxhov siab seem, thiab txhim kho cov machinability ntawm cov hlau. Raws li lub hom phiaj sib txawv ntawm kev kho cua sov, cov txheej txheem kho cua sov tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob pawg: kev kho cua sov ua ntej thiab kev kho cua sov kawg.

1.Lub hom phiaj ntawm kev kho cua sov ua ntej yog txhawm rau txhim kho kev ua haujlwm, tshem tawm kev ntxhov siab sab hauv, thiab npaj cov qauv zoo metallographic rau kev kho cua sov zaum kawg. Cov txheej txheem kev kho cua sov muaj xws li annealing, normalizing, laus, quenching thiab tempering, thiab lwm yam.

l Annealing thiab normalizing yog siv rau blanks uas tau undergone thermal ua. Carbon steel thiab alloy steel nrog cov ntsiab lus carbon ntau dua 0.5% feem ntau yog annealed kom txo lawv cov hardness thiab pab txiav; Cov pa roj carbon steel thiab alloy steel nrog cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov pa roj carbon tsawg dua 0.5% yog kho nrog normalizing kom tsis txhob muaj cov cuab yeej nplaum thaum txiav vim lawv qhov hardness tsawg. Annealing thiab normalizing tuaj yeem kho cov qoob loo loj thiab ua tiav cov txheej txheem microstructure, npaj rau kev kho cua sov yav tom ntej. Annealing thiab normalizing feem ntau yog npaj tom qab ntxhib machining thiab ua ntej ntxhib machining.

l Lub sij hawm kho yog tsuas yog siv los tshem tawm cov kev ntxhov siab sab hauv uas tsim los ntawm kev tsim khoom thiab kev siv tshuab. Txhawm rau kom tsis txhob muaj kev thauj mus los ntau dhau, rau qhov chaw uas muaj qhov dav dav, kev kho lub sijhawm tuaj yeem npaj ua ntej precision machining. Txawm li cas los xij, rau qhov chaw uas muaj qhov yuav tsum tau ua siab tshaj (xws li casing ntawm kev sib koom ua ke tho txawv tshuab), ob lossis ntau qhov kev kho kev laus yuav tsum tau npaj. Tej yam yooj yim feem ntau tsis tas yuav kho kev laus. Ntxiv nrog rau cov castings, rau qee qhov precision nrog tsis zoo rigidity (xws li precision screws), ntau yam kev laus kev kho mob feem ntau teem ntawm ntxhib machining thiab semi precision machining kom tshem tawm cov kev ntxhov siab nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ua thiab stabilize lub machining raug ntawm qhov chaw. Qee qhov ncej yuav tsum tau kho lub sijhawm tom qab txoj kev ncaj.

l Quenching thiab tempering yog hais txog qhov kub thiab txias kev kho mob tom qab quenching, uas tuaj yeem tau txais cov qauv zoo li qub thiab zoo tempered martensite, npaj rau txo deformation thaum lub sij hawm deformation quenching thiab nitriding kev kho mob yav tom ntej. Yog li ntawd, quenching thiab tempering kuj tseem siv tau los ua kev npaj kho cua sov. Vim tias muaj cov khoom zoo txhua yam ntawm quenched thiab tempered qhov chaw, qee qhov chaw uas tsis tshua muaj kev xav tau rau hardness thiab hnav tsis kam kuj tuaj yeem siv los ua cov txheej txheem kho cua sov kawg.

2.Lub hom phiaj ntawm kev kho cua sov zaum kawg yog txhawm rau txhim kho cov khoom siv xws li hardness, hnav tsis kam, thiab lub zog.

l Quenching suav nrog nto quenching thiab bulk quenching. Nto quenching yog dav siv vim nws qhov me me deformation, oxidation, thiab decarburization, thiab nws kuj muaj qhov zoo ntawm lub zog sab nraud thiab zoo hnav tsis kam, thaum tuav zoo toughness thiab muaj zog tiv thaiv sab hauv. Txhawm rau txhim kho cov khoom siv ntawm qhov chaw quenched, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau ua kev kho cua sov xws li quenching thiab tempering los yog normalizing raws li kev kho cua sov ua ntej. Cov txheej txheem dav dav yog: txiav - forging - normalizing (annealing) - ntxhib machining - quenching thiab tempering - semi precision machining - nto quenching - precision machining.

l Carburizing quenching yog tsim rau cov pa roj carbon tsawg thiab cov hlau tsis tshua muaj hlau. Ua ntej, cov pa roj carbon ntsiab lus ntawm cov txheej txheej saum npoo yog nce, thiab tom qab quenching, txheej txheej tau siab hardness, thaum cov tub ntxhais tseem muaj qee lub zog, siab tawv, thiab plasticity. Carbonization tuaj yeem muab faib ua tag nrho carburizing thiab hauv zos carburizing. Thaum ib nrab carburizing, kev ntsuas los tiv thaiv cov dej ntws (tooj liab plating lossis plating cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj) yuav tsum tau coj mus rau qhov tsis muaj carburizing. Vim qhov loj deformation tshwm sim los ntawm carburizing thiab quenching, thiab carburizing qhov tob feem ntau yog li ntawm 0.5 mus rau 2 hli, cov txheej txheem carburizing feem ntau yog teem ntawm semi precision machining thiab precision machining. Cov txheej txheem dav dav yog: txiav forging normalizing ntxhib thiab semi precision machining carburizing quenching precision machining. Thaum tsis muaj carburized ib feem ntawm cov carburized hauv zos tau txais cov txheej txheem ntawm kev nce nyiaj thiab txiav tawm cov txheej txheem carburized ntau dhau, cov txheej txheem ntawm kev txiav tawm cov txheej txheem carburized ntau dhau yuav tsum tau teem caij tom qab carburization thiab ua ntej quenching.

l Nitriding kev kho mob yog ib txoj kev kho mob uas tso cai rau nitrogen atoms infiltrate cov hlau nto kom tau ib txheej ntawm nitrogen-muaj compounds. Cov txheej nitriding tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov tawv tawv, hnav tsis kam, qaug zog lub zog, thiab corrosion kuj ntawm qhov chaw ntawm qhov chaw. Vim tias qhov ntsuas kub ntawm nitriding tsawg, me me deformation, thiab nyias nitriding txheej (feem ntau tsis tshaj 0.6 ~ 0.7mm), cov txheej txheem nitriding yuav tsum tau teem caij lig li sai tau. Txhawm rau txo qhov deformation thaum lub sij hawm nitriding, kub-kub tempering los txo kev ntxhov siab feem ntau yuav tsum tau tom qab txiav.